It would also need to field the challenges of working with multiple regulatory agencies around the world. To “win” the vaccine race, a company would need to be able to produce high-quality vaccine doses reliably and quickly, and in vast numbers. This fact alone, independent of any aspect of vaccine technology, did a lot to shape the outcome.Ĭorporate strategy was another crucial factor. and Mexico, in February, case rates had been dropping precipitously. By the time Novavax had finished recruiting in the U.S. by late summer 2020, and so they caught the nation’s giant wave of infections in the fall. The Phase 3 clinical trials for Pfizer and Moderna, for example, were up and running in the U.S. The precise timing of these studies mattered a great deal in practice. Even if your candidate worked amazingly well, if you weren’t testing it in the middle of a huge outbreak, you’d have to wait a very long time for the evidence to build. You needed a good vaccine, sure-but to get it out the door quickly, you also had to have a massive clinical-trial operation going, and it had to be situated in places where the virus would be spreading widely at just the right time. Pandemic-vaccine success, as I wrote last year, was never just about the technology. Read: The differences between the vaccines matter (The mRNA vaccines delivered efficacy rates of 95 and 94 percent against the original coronavirus strain in Phase 3 trials, as compared with 96 percent for Novavax in its first trial, and now 90 percent against a mixture of variants. The latest Novavax data confirm that it’s possible to achieve the same efficacy against COVID-19 with a more familiar technology that more people may be inclined to trust. For now, they are harder and more expensive to manufacture and distribute than traditional types of vaccines, and their side effects are more common and more severe.
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These two particular mRNA vaccines may have been the first to get results from Phase 3 clinical trials, but that’s because of superior trial management, not secret vaccine sauce. Their rapid arrival has been described in this magazine as “ the triumph of mRNA”-a brand-new vaccine technology whose “potential stretches far beyond this pandemic.” Other outlets gushed about “ a turning point in the long history of vaccines,” one that “ changed biotech forever.” It was easy to assume, based on all this reporting, that mRNA vaccines had already proved to be the most effective ones you could get-that they were better, sleeker, even cooler than any other vaccines could ever be.īut the fascination with the newest, shiniest options obscured some basic facts. But the asymmetry in coverage also hints at how the hype around the early-bird vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna has distorted perception. for months, and in the meantime the national supply of other doses exceeds demand. If the FDA sees no urgency, the Novavax vaccine might not be available in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the nation is “ awash in other shots” already, as the The New York Times put it. The difference, of course, was the timing: With three vaccines already authorized for emergency use by the U.S. But when the Maryland-based biotech firm Novavax announced its latest stunning trial results last week, and an efficacy rate of more than 90 percent even against coronavirus variants, the response from the same media outlets was muted in comparison. At the end of January, reports that yet another COVID-19 vaccine had succeeded in its clinical trials-this one offering about 70 percent protection-were front-page news in the United States, and occasioned push alerts on millions of phones.
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